Do bilateral vertical jumps with reactive jump landings achieve osteogenic thresholds with and without instruction in premenopausal women? (#150)
Osteopororis is a silent epidemic responsible for fractures in 50% of women and 20% of men worldwide from 50 years of age, and estimated to cost Australia $7.4 billion and NZ $1.1 billion annually. Researchers have investigated the use of jumps and jump-landings as a stimulus for bone development however the effects of instruction and jump-landing types are yet to be explored. This study sought to identify whether ground reaction forces (GRF’s) for bilateral vertical jumps (countermovement jumps (CMJ) and drop jumps (DJ)) with reactive jump (RJ) landings achieve magnitudes (>3 BW’s) and rates of strain (>43 BW∙sˉ1) previously shown to improve bone mass among premenopausal women. Twenty-one women (age, 43.3 ±5.9 years; body mass, 69.4 ±9.6 kg; height, 167 ±5.5 cm; body fat, 27.5 ±8.7 %) performed the CMJ and DJ with RJ landings. Participants performed the first testing session ‘with instruction’ followed by a testing session performed one week later with ‘instruction withdrawn’. An AMTI force platform was used to collect GRF data. A three way (landing type x jump type x instruction type) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for analysis. ‘Landing’ had a significant effect, with landing 2 higher than landing 1 for peak vertical force (BW) (↑12%; p=0.0015), peak resultant force (BW) (↑10%; p=0.0021), and peak rate of force development (BW∙s-1 ) (↑20%; p=0.0008). No significant ‘Jump’ or ‘Instruction’ effect was established. The magnitudes (4.59 to 5.49 BW’s) and rates of strain (263.5 to 359.4 BW·s-1) observed exceeded those previously shown to improve BMD in premenopausal women. When combined with a reactive jump, these jumps represent a unique training stimulus which exceed the osteogenic thresholds previously shown to increase bone mass in premenopausal women. These jumps could be used in an osteogenic exercise programme for premenopausal women once proficient with technique.
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